Post-PCI(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) risks

Model: Cardiovascular model

Post-PCI (percutaneous coronary intervention) risks include various cardiovascular events and complications.

1.Risk factors for in-stent restenosis (ISR) include hypertension, diabetes, LDL-C≥1.8mmol/L, unstable angina, irregular use of antiplatelet drugs, multivessel disease, left anterior descending stent placement, stent diameter <3 mm, and stent length >20 mm in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing PCI.

2.Risk factors for adverse cardiac events in elderly coronary heart disease patients post-PCI include comorbid diabetes, smoking, a history of hypertension, high blood lipids, family history of heart disease, and age over 65 years.

3.Risk factors for severe bleeding complications after PCI in coronary heart disease patients include female gender, age ≥65 years, comorbid gastrointestinal disease, previous history of PCI, and use of IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists.

4.Risk factors for post-PCI cardiovascular events in emergency patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) include NYHA class III-IV, hypokalemia, comorbid diabetes, smoking history, and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) <90%.

5.Risk factors for repeat revascularization include advanced age and the PCI risk score in elderly coronary heart disease patients, which is an independent predictor of in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE).

6.Risk factors for deep venous thrombosis after PCI in coronary heart disease patients include a history of deep venous thrombosis and a high Caprini score.

7.Risk factors for recurrent cardiovascular events post-PCI in coronary heart disease patients include age, adherence to follow-up, family history of cardiovascular disease, blood pressure control, blood glucose control, lipid control, smoking, and medication adherence.

Post-PCI risk factors include but are not limited to the patient's underlying disease status (such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia), lifestyle (such as smoking, alcohol consumption), age, gender, and family history. In response to these risk factors, physicians can take corresponding preventive and intervention measures, such as adjusting medication treatment plans and improving lifestyle habits, to reduce the risk after PCI.

1.The management and nursing care of patients post-PCI is a complex process involving multiple aspects, including but not limited to cardiac rehabilitation, medication treatment, psychological support, lifestyle adjustments, and potential reoperations.

2.Cardiac rehabilitation is particularly important for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) after undergoing PCI. It not only helps improve patients' psychological well-being but also promotes physical recovery and accelerates the rehabilitation process.

3.Medication treatment: After PCI, patients need to continue receiving antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy to prevent thrombosis formation and reduce the risk of restenosis. Additionally, specific patient populations, such as those who have previously undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), may require different medication treatment strategies.

4.Psychological support: Patients may experience anxiety, depression, and other psychological barriers before and after PCI. Therefore, providing psychological support and interventions through preoperative video education, application of diverse theoretical models, and other methods is crucial to improve patients' mental health.

5.Lifestyle adjustments: Physical activity plays a significant role in preventing post-PCI restenosis. Therefore, encouraging patients to engage in appropriate physical activities and improving dietary habits are essential components of post-PCI management.

6.Risk of reoperation: Although most patients experience significant symptom improvement after PCI, a portion of patients may require reoperation. Therefore, implementing effective perioperative care and monitoring is vital for these patients.

Transition care model: Implementing a transition care model can significantly enhance patient compliance, improve their exercise, blood pressure, and body mass index levels, and effectively control risk factors for coronary heart disease.

In summary, post-PCI management is a multidimensional and interdisciplinary process that requires comprehensive consideration of patients' psychological and physiological needs, as well as potential complications. Individualized treatment and care plans should be implemented. Through such comprehensive management, patients' quality of life and long-term prognosis can be effectively improved.

The PCI Training Simulator I (XXD004) is a comprehensive simulator designed to replicate the procedures involved in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The simulator consists of a silicone model, a simulated DSA (Digital Subtraction Angiography) imaging system, and a mini pump. The silicone model accurately represents the radial and femoral arteries, as well as the branches of the coronary arteries, allowing for realistic simulations of coronary interventions.

One of the key advantages of this simulator is its versatility. The bilateral femoral arteries and radial artery can be used separately for performing coronary interventions, providing flexibility in training and practice. Additionally, the model features a detachable and replaceable segment representing the left anterior descending artery (LAD). This segment can be customized with various lesions such as stenosis, bifurcation, calcification, and chronic total occlusion (CTO), allowing practitioners to simulate different scenarios encountered during PCI procedures.

The PCI Training Simulator serves multiple purposes within the field of coronary intervention. Firstly, it enables the simulation of common coronary lesions and associated PCI procedures, providing a platform for trainees to develop and refine their skills. Additionally, it facilitates the development, testing, and validation of coronary intervention devices such as catheters, guidewires, stents, and balloons. The simulator also serves as a valuable tool for demonstrations, training sessions, and marketing of these devices, allowing manufacturers to showcase their products in a realistic and interactive setting.

With its realistic anatomy and customizable features, the PCI Training Simulator offers a valuable resource for simulating PCI procedures. It provides a safe and controlled environment for trainees to practice various interventions and techniques, improving their proficiency and confidence. By replicating the challenges and complexities of real-life scenarios, this simulator enhances the learning experience and contributes to the advancement of coronary intervention practices.