Diagnosis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities

Model: Lower Extremity Vein I (XZJ001)

Deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood in the deep veins of the lower limbs, obstructing the venous lumen and causing venous return obstruction. If not treated promptly, it can lead to complications such as pulmonary embolism during the acute phase.

What is Deep Vein Thrombosis?

Deep vein thrombosis refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood in the deep veins of the lower limbs, partially or completely obstructing the vessel lumen. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PTE) together are referred to as venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Harm of Venous Thromboembolism

1.Embolism (PE): Pulmonary embolism is the most severe complication during the acute phase of DVT. When a blood clot dislodges from the lower limb veins, travels to the lungs, and obstructs the pulmonary artery, it results in a pulmonary embolism. Symptoms include difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing up blood, fainting, and potentially death. PE often occurs within hours to days after the formation of DVT or can manifest without clear DVT symptoms, making it a "silent killer" for hospitalized patients.

2.Post-Thrombotic Syndrome (PTS): PTS is a complication of the chronic phase of DVT. Blood clots can damage venous valves or remain unresolved, obstructing blood flow and causing blood to pool in the lower limbs. This leads to venous hypertension and presents with symptoms such as swelling, pain, varicose veins, and ulcers.

Symptoms of Venous Thromboembolism

Symptoms of deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities include pain, tenderness, swelling, and redness.

People at Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

●Prolonged hospitalization

●Surgery or fractures

●Prolonged immobility

●Age >60 years

●Cancer/chemotherapy

●Pregnancy/postpartum period

Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thrombosis

1.Anticoagulant therapy as the foundation

2.Supplementary use of thrombolysis, surgery, and various physical therapies

3.Preventing disease progression, reducing the occurrence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), and minimizing inflammatory and obstructive damage caused by blood clots

Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism

1.Engage in appropriate physical activity to promote blood circulation and effectively prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis

2.Physical preventive measures include foot venous pumps, intermittent pneumatic compression devices, and compression stockings, which help accelerate blood flow in the lower limbs and reduce blood stasis

3.For individuals at high risk of VTE, such as those undergoing hip or knee surgeries, or with fractures, anticoagulant drug prophylaxis should be administered for at least 10-14 days, which can be extended to 35 days postoperatively

4.Patients with malignant tumors, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute stroke, those in intensive care units, or those at moderate to high risk of VTE based on a comprehensive evaluation by a doctor should receive anticoagulant drug prophylaxis. Consult a doctor for specific prophylaxis durations.

The Lower Extremity Vein model is a sophisticated tool designed to aid in the study and training of treatments for deep vein thrombosis in the lower extremities. This model features detailed components such as the inferior vena cava (IVC), iliac vein, femoral vein, left superficial femoral vein, left deep femoral vein, and left great saphenous vein, all arranged within an acrylic box with supports to mimic the anatomical spatial structure accurately. With its two detachable sections that are customizable and replaceable, this model offers versatility for various educational and research purposes.

Researchers and medical professionals can leverage the Lower Extremity Vein model for a range of applications focused on lower extremity venous intervention. This includes simulating training scenarios for retrograde access of the contralateral femoral vein, testing and validating intervention devices like guide wires, catheters, balloons, and stents, as well as showcasing and training on the use of these devices. Moreover, the model's customization options, such as the ability to add lesions in the iliac and femoral arteries, extending the abdomen section to the descending aorta, and creating models based on provided data files like CT scans and CAD drawings, make it a versatile and valuable tool for in-depth studies and practical applications in the field of lower extremity venous interventions.